JSONObject

java.lang.Object
- org.json.JSONObject

```
public class JSONObject
extends Object
```
A JSONObject is an unordered collection of name/value pairs. Its external form is a string wrapped in curly braces with colons between the names and values, and commas between the values and names. The internal form is an object having get and opt methods for accessing the values by name, and put methods for adding or replacing values by name. The values can be any of these types: Boolean, JSONArray, JSONObject, Number, String, or the JSONObject.NULL object. A JSONObject constructor can be used to convert an external form JSON text into an internal form whose values can be retrieved with the get and opt methods, or to convert values into a JSON text using the put and toString methods. A get method returns a value if one can be found, and throws an exception if one cannot be found. An opt method returns a default value instead of throwing an exception, and so is useful for obtaining optional values.
The generic get() and opt() methods return an object, which you can cast or query for type. There are also typed get and opt methods that do type checking and type coersion for you.
The put methods adds values to an object. For example,
```
 myString = new JSONObject().put("JSON", "Hello, World!").toString();
 
```
produces the string {"JSON": "Hello, World"}.
The texts produced by the toString methods strictly conform to the JSON sysntax rules. The constructors are more forgiving in the texts they will accept:
- An extra , (comma) may appear just before the closing brace.
- Strings may be quoted with ' (single quote).
- Strings do not need to be quoted at all if they do not begin with a quote or single quote, and if they do not contain leading or trailing spaces, and if they do not contain any of these characters: { } [ ] / \ : , = ; # and if they do not look like numbers and if they are not the reserved words true, false, or null.
- Keys can be followed by = or => as well as by :.
- Values can be followed by ; (semicolon) as well as by , (comma).
- Numbers may have the 0- (octal) or 0x- (hex) prefix.
- Comments written in the slashshlash, slashstar, and hash conventions will be ignored.

Field Summary

Fields
Modifier and Type Field and Description

static Object NULL
It is sometimes more convenient and less ambiguous to have a NULL object than to use Java's null value.

Fields
Modifier and Type	Field and Description
`static Object`	`NULL` It is sometimes more convenient and less ambiguous to have a `NULL` object than to use Java's `null` value.

Constructor Summary

Constructors
Constructor and Description
`JSONObject()` Construct an empty JSONObject.
`JSONObject(JSONObject jo, String[] sa)` Construct a JSONObject from a subset of another JSONObject.
`JSONObject(JSONTokener x)` Construct a JSONObject from a JSONTokener.
`JSONObject(Map map)` Construct a JSONObject from a Map.
`JSONObject(Object object, String[] names)` Construct a JSONObject from an Object, using reflection to find the public members.
`JSONObject(String string)` Construct a JSONObject from a string.

Method Summary

Methods
Modifier and Type	Method and Description
`JSONObject`	`accumulate(String key, Object value)` Accumulate values under a key.
`JSONObject`	`append(String key, Object value)` Append values to the array under a key.
`static String`	`doubleToString(double d)` Produce a string from a double.
`Object`	`get(String key)` Get the value object associated with a key.
`boolean`	`getBoolean(String key)` Get the boolean value associated with a key.
`double`	`getDouble(String key)` Get the double value associated with a key.
`int`	`getInt(String key)` Get the int value associated with a key.
`JSONArray`	`getJSONArray(String key)` Get the JSONArray value associated with a key.
`JSONObject`	`getJSONObject(String key)` Get the JSONObject value associated with a key.
`long`	`getLong(String key)` Get the long value associated with a key.
`String`	`getString(String key)` Get the string associated with a key.
`boolean`	`has(String key)` Determine if the JSONObject contains a specific key.
`boolean`	`isNull(String key)` Determine if the value associated with the key is null or if there is no value.
`Iterator`	`keys()` Get an enumeration of the keys of the JSONObject.
`int`	`length()` Get the number of keys stored in the JSONObject.
`JSONArray`	`names()` Produce a JSONArray containing the names of the elements of this JSONObject.
`static String`	`numberToString(Number n)` Produce a string from a Number.
`Object`	`opt(String key)` Get an optional value associated with a key.
`boolean`	`optBoolean(String key)` Get an optional boolean associated with a key.
`boolean`	`optBoolean(String key, boolean defaultValue)` Get an optional boolean associated with a key.
`double`	`optDouble(String key)` Get an optional double associated with a key, or NaN if there is no such key or if its value is not a number.
`double`	`optDouble(String key, double defaultValue)` Get an optional double associated with a key, or the defaultValue if there is no such key or if its value is not a number.
`int`	`optInt(String key)` Get an optional int value associated with a key, or zero if there is no such key or if the value is not a number.
`int`	`optInt(String key, int defaultValue)` Get an optional int value associated with a key, or the default if there is no such key or if the value is not a number.
`JSONArray`	`optJSONArray(String key)` Get an optional JSONArray associated with a key.
`JSONObject`	`optJSONObject(String key)` Get an optional JSONObject associated with a key.
`long`	`optLong(String key)` Get an optional long value associated with a key, or zero if there is no such key or if the value is not a number.
`long`	`optLong(String key, long defaultValue)` Get an optional long value associated with a key, or the default if there is no such key or if the value is not a number.
`String`	`optString(String key)` Get an optional string associated with a key.
`String`	`optString(String key, String defaultValue)` Get an optional string associated with a key.
`JSONObject`	`put(String key, boolean value)` Put a key/boolean pair in the JSONObject.
`JSONObject`	`put(String key, Collection value)` Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject, where the value will be a JSONArray which is produced from a Collection.
`JSONObject`	`put(String key, double value)` Put a key/double pair in the JSONObject.
`JSONObject`	`put(String key, int value)` Put a key/int pair in the JSONObject.
`JSONObject`	`put(String key, long value)` Put a key/long pair in the JSONObject.
`JSONObject`	`put(String key, Map value)` Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject, where the value will be a JSONObject which is produced from a Map.
`JSONObject`	`put(String key, Object value)` Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject.
`JSONObject`	`putOpt(String key, Object value)` Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject, but only if the key and the value are both non-null.
`static String`	`quote(String string)` Produce a string in double quotes with backslash sequences in all the right places.
`Object`	`remove(String key)` Remove a name and its value, if present.
`JSONArray`	`toJSONArray(JSONArray names)` Produce a JSONArray containing the values of the members of this JSONObject.
`String`	`toString()` Make a JSON text of this JSONObject.
`String`	`toString(int indentFactor)` Make a prettyprinted JSON text of this JSONObject.
`Writer`	`write(Writer writer)` Write the contents of the JSONObject as JSON text to a writer.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

- Field Detail
  - NULL
```
public static final Object NULL
```
    It is sometimes more convenient and less ambiguous to have a NULL object than to use Java's null value. JSONObject.NULL.equals(null) returns true. JSONObject.NULL.toString() returns "null".
- Constructor Detail
  - JSONObject
```
public JSONObject()
```
    Construct an empty JSONObject.
  - JSONObject
```
public JSONObject(JSONObject jo,
          String[] sa)
           throws JSONException
```
    Construct a JSONObject from a subset of another JSONObject. An array of strings is used to identify the keys that should be copied. Missing keys are ignored.
    
    Parameters:
    jo - A JSONObject.
    sa - An array of strings.
    
    Throws:
    
    JSONException - If a value is a non-finite number.
  - JSONObject
```
public JSONObject(JSONTokener x)
           throws JSONException
```
    Construct a JSONObject from a JSONTokener.
    
    Parameters:
    x - A JSONTokener object containing the source string.
    
    Throws:
    
    JSONException - If there is a syntax error in the source string.
  - JSONObject
```
public JSONObject(Map map)
```
    Construct a JSONObject from a Map.
    
    Parameters:
    map - A map object that can be used to initialize the contents of the JSONObject.
  - JSONObject
```
public JSONObject(Object object,
          String[] names)
```
    Construct a JSONObject from an Object, using reflection to find the public members. The resulting JSONObject's keys will be the strings from the names array, and the values will be the field values associated with those keys in the object. If a key is not found or not visible, then it will not be copied into the new JSONObject.
    
    Parameters:
    object - An object that has fields that should be used to make a JSONObject.
    names - An array of strings, the names of the fields to be used from the object.
  - JSONObject
```
public JSONObject(String string)
           throws JSONException
```
    Construct a JSONObject from a string. This is the most commonly used JSONObject constructor.
    
    Parameters:
    string - A string beginning with { (left brace) and ending with } (right brace).
    
    Throws:
    
    JSONException - If there is a syntax error in the source string.
- Method Detail
  - accumulate
```
public JSONObject accumulate(String key,
                    Object value)
                      throws JSONException
```
    Accumulate values under a key. It is similar to the put method except that if there is already an object stored under the key then a JSONArray is stored under the key to hold all of the accumulated values. If there is already a JSONArray, then the new value is appended to it. In contrast, the put method replaces the previous value.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    value - An object to be accumulated under the key.
    
    Returns:
    this.
    
    Throws:
    
    JSONException - If the value is an invalid number or if the key is null.
  - append
```
public JSONObject append(String key,
                Object value)
                  throws JSONException
```
    Append values to the array under a key. If the key does not exist in the JSONObject, then the key is put in the JSONObject with its value being a JSONArray containing the value parameter. If the key was already associated with a JSONArray, then the value parameter is appended to it.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    value - An object to be accumulated under the key.
    
    Returns:
    this.
    
    Throws:
    
    JSONException - If the key is null or if the current value associated with the key is not a JSONArray.
  - doubleToString
```
public static String doubleToString(double d)
```
    Produce a string from a double. The string "null" will be returned if the number is not finite.
    
    Parameters:
    d - A double.
    
    Returns:
    A String.
  - get
```
public Object get(String key)
           throws JSONException
```
    Get the value object associated with a key.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    
    Returns:
    The object associated with the key.
    
    Throws:
    
    JSONException - if the key is not found.
  - getBoolean
```
public boolean getBoolean(String key)
                   throws JSONException
```
    Get the boolean value associated with a key.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    
    Returns:
    The truth.
    
    Throws:
    
    JSONException - if the value is not a Boolean or the String "true" or "false".
  - getDouble
```
public double getDouble(String key)
                 throws JSONException
```
    Get the double value associated with a key.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    
    Returns:
    The numeric value.
    
    Throws:
    
    JSONException - if the key is not found or if the value is not a Number object and cannot be converted to a number.
  - getInt
```
public int getInt(String key)
           throws JSONException
```
    Get the int value associated with a key. If the number value is too large for an int, it will be clipped.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    
    Returns:
    The integer value.
    
    Throws:
    
    JSONException - if the key is not found or if the value cannot be converted to an integer.
  - getJSONArray
```
public JSONArray getJSONArray(String key)
                       throws JSONException
```
    Get the JSONArray value associated with a key.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    
    Returns:
    A JSONArray which is the value.
    
    Throws:
    
    JSONException - if the key is not found or if the value is not a JSONArray.
  - getJSONObject
```
public JSONObject getJSONObject(String key)
                         throws JSONException
```
    Get the JSONObject value associated with a key.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    
    Returns:
    A JSONObject which is the value.
    
    Throws:
    
    JSONException - if the key is not found or if the value is not a JSONObject.
  - getLong
```
public long getLong(String key)
             throws JSONException
```
    Get the long value associated with a key. If the number value is too long for a long, it will be clipped.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    
    Returns:
    The long value.
    
    Throws:
    
    JSONException - if the key is not found or if the value cannot be converted to a long.
  - getString
```
public String getString(String key)
                 throws JSONException
```
    Get the string associated with a key.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    
    Returns:
    A string which is the value.
    
    Throws:
    
    JSONException - if the key is not found.
  - has
```
public boolean has(String key)
```
    Determine if the JSONObject contains a specific key.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    
    Returns:
    true if the key exists in the JSONObject.
  - isNull
```
public boolean isNull(String key)
```
    Determine if the value associated with the key is null or if there is no value.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    
    Returns:
    true if there is no value associated with the key or if the value is the JSONObject.NULL object.
  - keys
```
public Iterator keys()
```
    Get an enumeration of the keys of the JSONObject.
    
    Returns:
    An iterator of the keys.
  - length
```
public int length()
```
    Get the number of keys stored in the JSONObject.
    
    Returns:
    The number of keys in the JSONObject.
  - names
```
public JSONArray names()
```
    Produce a JSONArray containing the names of the elements of this JSONObject.
    
    Returns:
    A JSONArray containing the key strings, or null if the JSONObject is empty.
  - numberToString
```
public static String numberToString(Number n)
                             throws JSONException
```
    Produce a string from a Number.
    
    Parameters:
    n - A Number
    
    Returns:
    A String.
    
    Throws:
    
    JSONException - If n is a non-finite number.
  - opt
```
public Object opt(String key)
```
    Get an optional value associated with a key.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    
    Returns:
    An object which is the value, or null if there is no value.
  - optBoolean
```
public boolean optBoolean(String key)
```
    Get an optional boolean associated with a key. It returns false if there is no such key, or if the value is not Boolean.TRUE or the String "true".
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    
    Returns:
    The truth.
  - optBoolean
```
public boolean optBoolean(String key,
                 boolean defaultValue)
```
    Get an optional boolean associated with a key. It returns the defaultValue if there is no such key, or if it is not a Boolean or the String "true" or "false" (case insensitive).
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    defaultValue - The default.
    
    Returns:
    The truth.
  - put
```
public JSONObject put(String key,
             Collection value)
               throws JSONException
```
    Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject, where the value will be a JSONArray which is produced from a Collection.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    value - A Collection value.
    
    Returns:
    this.
    
    Throws:
    
    JSONException
  - optDouble
```
public double optDouble(String key)
```
    Get an optional double associated with a key, or NaN if there is no such key or if its value is not a number. If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as a number.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A string which is the key.
    
    Returns:
    An object which is the value.
  - optDouble
```
public double optDouble(String key,
               double defaultValue)
```
    Get an optional double associated with a key, or the defaultValue if there is no such key or if its value is not a number. If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as a number.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    defaultValue - The default.
    
    Returns:
    An object which is the value.
  - optInt
```
public int optInt(String key)
```
    Get an optional int value associated with a key, or zero if there is no such key or if the value is not a number. If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as a number.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    
    Returns:
    An object which is the value.
  - optInt
```
public int optInt(String key,
         int defaultValue)
```
    Get an optional int value associated with a key, or the default if there is no such key or if the value is not a number. If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as a number.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    defaultValue - The default.
    
    Returns:
    An object which is the value.
  - optJSONArray
```
public JSONArray optJSONArray(String key)
```
    Get an optional JSONArray associated with a key. It returns null if there is no such key, or if its value is not a JSONArray.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    
    Returns:
    A JSONArray which is the value.
  - optJSONObject
```
public JSONObject optJSONObject(String key)
```
    Get an optional JSONObject associated with a key. It returns null if there is no such key, or if its value is not a JSONObject.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    
    Returns:
    A JSONObject which is the value.
  - optLong
```
public long optLong(String key)
```
    Get an optional long value associated with a key, or zero if there is no such key or if the value is not a number. If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as a number.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    
    Returns:
    An object which is the value.
  - optLong
```
public long optLong(String key,
           long defaultValue)
```
    Get an optional long value associated with a key, or the default if there is no such key or if the value is not a number. If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as a number.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    defaultValue - The default.
    
    Returns:
    An object which is the value.
  - optString
```
public String optString(String key)
```
    Get an optional string associated with a key. It returns an empty string if there is no such key. If the value is not a string and is not null, then it is coverted to a string.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    
    Returns:
    A string which is the value.
  - optString
```
public String optString(String key,
               String defaultValue)
```
    Get an optional string associated with a key. It returns the defaultValue if there is no such key.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    defaultValue - The default.
    
    Returns:
    A string which is the value.
  - put
```
public JSONObject put(String key,
             boolean value)
               throws JSONException
```
    Put a key/boolean pair in the JSONObject.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    value - A boolean which is the value.
    
    Returns:
    this.
    
    Throws:
    
    JSONException - If the key is null.
  - put
```
public JSONObject put(String key,
             double value)
               throws JSONException
```
    Put a key/double pair in the JSONObject.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    value - A double which is the value.
    
    Returns:
    this.
    
    Throws:
    
    JSONException - If the key is null or if the number is invalid.
  - put
```
public JSONObject put(String key,
             int value)
               throws JSONException
```
    Put a key/int pair in the JSONObject.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    value - An int which is the value.
    
    Returns:
    this.
    
    Throws:
    
    JSONException - If the key is null.
  - put
```
public JSONObject put(String key,
             long value)
               throws JSONException
```
    Put a key/long pair in the JSONObject.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    value - A long which is the value.
    
    Returns:
    this.
    
    Throws:
    
    JSONException - If the key is null.
  - put
```
public JSONObject put(String key,
             Map value)
               throws JSONException
```
    Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject, where the value will be a JSONObject which is produced from a Map.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    value - A Map value.
    
    Returns:
    this.
    
    Throws:
    
    JSONException
  - put
```
public JSONObject put(String key,
             Object value)
               throws JSONException
```
    Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject. If the value is null, then the key will be removed from the JSONObject if it is present.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    value - An object which is the value. It should be of one of these types: Boolean, Double, Integer, JSONArray, JSONObject, Long, String, or the JSONObject.NULL object.
    
    Returns:
    this.
    
    Throws:
    
    JSONException - If the value is non-finite number or if the key is null.
  - putOpt
```
public JSONObject putOpt(String key,
                Object value)
                  throws JSONException
```
    Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject, but only if the key and the value are both non-null.
    
    Parameters:
    key - A key string.
    value - An object which is the value. It should be of one of these types: Boolean, Double, Integer, JSONArray, JSONObject, Long, String, or the JSONObject.NULL object.
    
    Returns:
    this.
    
    Throws:
    
    JSONException - If the value is a non-finite number.
  - quote
```
public static String quote(String string)
```
    Produce a string in double quotes with backslash sequences in all the right places. A backslash will be inserted within
    Parameters:
    string - A String
    
    Returns:
    A String correctly formatted for insertion in a JSON text.
  - remove
```
public Object remove(String key)
```
    Remove a name and its value, if present.
    
    Parameters:
    key - The name to be removed.
    
    Returns:
    The value that was associated with the name, or null if there was no value.
  - toJSONArray
```
public JSONArray toJSONArray(JSONArray names)
                      throws JSONException
```
    Produce a JSONArray containing the values of the members of this JSONObject.
    
    Parameters:
    names - A JSONArray containing a list of key strings. This determines the sequence of the values in the result.
    
    Returns:
    A JSONArray of values.
    
    Throws:
    
    JSONException - If any of the values are non-finite numbers.
  - toString
```
public String toString()
```
    Make a JSON text of this JSONObject. For compactness, no whitespace is added. If this would not result in a syntactically correct JSON text, then null will be returned instead.
    Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.
    
    Overrides:
    
    toString in class Object
    
    Returns:
    a printable, displayable, portable, transmittable representation of the object, beginning with { (left brace) and ending with } (right brace).
  - toString
```
public String toString(int indentFactor)
                throws JSONException
```
    Make a prettyprinted JSON text of this JSONObject.
    Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.
    
    Parameters:
    indentFactor - The number of spaces to add to each level of indentation.
    
    Returns:
    a printable, displayable, portable, transmittable representation of the object, beginning with { (left brace) and ending with } (right brace).
    
    Throws:
    
    JSONException - If the object contains an invalid number.
  - write
```
public Writer write(Writer writer)
             throws JSONException
```
    Write the contents of the JSONObject as JSON text to a writer. For compactness, no whitespace is added.
    Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.
    
    Returns:
    The writer.
    
    Throws:
    
    JSONException

Class JSONObject

Field Summary

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Field Detail

NULL

Constructor Detail

JSONObject

JSONObject

JSONObject

JSONObject

JSONObject

JSONObject

Method Detail

accumulate

append

doubleToString

get

getBoolean

getDouble

getInt

getJSONArray

getJSONObject

getLong

getString

has

isNull

keys

length

names

numberToString

opt

optBoolean

optBoolean

put

optDouble

optDouble

optInt

optInt

optJSONArray

optJSONObject

optLong

optLong

optString

optString

put

put

put

put

put

put

putOpt

quote

remove

toJSONArray

toString

toString

write